ritazhang 的个人博客

欢迎使用 WordPress。这是您的第一篇日志。您可以编辑它或是删除它，然后开始写您自己的博客。

酿豆腐
Stuffed Bean Curd with Mashed Pork and Shrimps

鸡蛋炒饭

http://www.qyen.com/blog/post/foods-menu.html

中餐菜谱不容易翻译，原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达，对菜名特别讲究。菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成，因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料，刀法和烹调方法。由此可见，要译好菜谱，就必须知道一些主要的用料，刀法，烹调方法及某些准备步骤，希望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助：

1． 常见的用料

鸡   chicken   鸭   duck   鹅 goose 鱼类 fish   肉类 meat猪肉 pork   牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal 羊肉 mutton   小羊肉 lamb牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet   排骨 spareribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe肝 liver 舌 tongue   下水 offals 蹄子 trotter   胗 gizzard鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast   甲鱼 turtle 海味 seafood虾 shrimp   干贝 scallop   螃蟹 crab   鱿鱼   squid   海蛰 jellyfish黄鳝 finless eel   海螺 whelk   野味 game   兔 rabbit   鸽 pigeon鹌鹑 quail   龙虾 lobster 牡蛎   oyster   田螺 snail   田鸡 frog蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon   香肠 sausage   火腿   ham   熊掌 bear’s paw鱼翅 shark’s fin   燕窝 bird’s nest


2． 煮前的准备工作

去骨 bning 例如， 去骨鸭掌   打鳞   scaling   例如，去鳞鱼 scaled fish 倴??譫^P
剥/去皮 skinning 例如，去皮田鸡   skinned frogs 楧€蒣d?齉
脱壳 shelling 例如，虾仁   shelled shrimps x欥溻?霰?
腌制 pickling   例如，咸酸菜   pickled vegetables


3. 常用刀法及用料形状

（1） 常用刀法

切片   slice   切丝 shred 切丁 dice   切柳   fillet   切碎 mince捣烂 mash   酿入 stuff

(2) 常用用料形状

肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices   肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes   肉末 minced meat肉丸 meat balls   肉馅 meat filling

4. 中餐菜单翻译法

（1） 直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来，再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。

如：炖牛肉 Stewed Beef

（2） 直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意，然后再补充说明其内在含义。

如：

狮子头 Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls

全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce

(3) 意译法。此法可分为三种情况：

1） 原料+with+作料。 以原料为中心词，有时捎带把烹调法也译出，再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。如：

海米白菜   Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps

鱼香肉丝   Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce

2) 作料+原料 。 即把作料用作修饰语，放在中心词原料的前面。如：

咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef   古老肉   Sweet & Sour Pork 

3) 以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义，夸张等说法而用平直，明白的英语译出。如：

发财好市   Black Moss Cooked with Oysters

彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs

蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork

龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken

4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食，因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道，通俗易懂，能 收到事半功倍的效果。如：

烤排骨   Barbecued Spare Ribs   饺子   Chinese-style Ravioli

5) 音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出，然后再加以解释性的英译，使英译文保留点“中国味”。

如：包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun   馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread

6)“随机应变”法：原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后，再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如：

广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style   麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style

5. 中餐常见的烹调方法

中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种，但大体不离：煮 （boiling）, 煲/炖 （stewing）,烧/焖/烩（braising）, 煎（frying）,炒（stir-frying）,爆（quick-frying）,炸（deep-frying）,扒（frying and simmering）, 煸（sauteing）,煨 （simmering）, 熏（smoking）,烤（roasting/barbecuing）, 烘（baking）, 蒸（steaming）, 白灼（scalding）等基本方法。

煮 boiled.   如 “煮咸牛肉” （Boiled Corned Beef）
煲/炖 stewed.   如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup)
烧braised.   如“红烧牛蹄”   (Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)
煎（pan-）fried.   如 “煎明虾” （Fried Prawns）
炒stir-fried   如“炒鸡丁”   （Stir-Fried Chicken Dices）
爆 quick-fried.   如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
炸 deep-fried. 如 “炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns)
扒fried and simmered.   如“虾子扒海参” （Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimps Roe）
煸sauted .   如 “干煸鳝鱼” (Sauted Eel Slices)
煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” （Simmered Beef）
焖 braised   如 “黄酒焖猪排”   (Braised pork chops in rice wine)
烩 braised 如 “烩鸡丝” （Braised chicken shreds with peas）  
熏 smoked 如 “熏鱼” (Smoked Fish)
烘 baked   如 “烘鸽” （Baked Pigeon）  
蒸 steamed 如 “蒸鲜鱼” （Steamed Fresh Fish）
酱/醋 marinated 如 “酱鸡” （Marinated Chicken）  
卤 spicy; stewed in gravy   如“卤鸭”（Spicy Duck）  
涮 instant-boiled   如 “涮羊肉” （Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices）
酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” （Stuffed Green Pepper）
烤 roast; barbecued   如“烤鹅” （Roast Goose）
清蒸 steamed (in clear soup) 如 “清蒸桂鱼” （Steamed Mandarin Fish）
清炖 stewed in clear soup   如 “清炖甲鱼” （Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup）  
白灼/微煮 scalded   如“白灼海虾”（Scalded Prawns）
红烧 braised in brown sauce   如 “红烧蹄筋” （Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce）  
干烧 in pepper sauce   如“干烧干贝” （Scallop in Pepper Sauce）  
麻辣 with hot pepper   如 “麻辣豆腐”（Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd）
酱爆 in bean sauce   如“酱爆肉丁” （Diced Pork in Bean Sauce）  
鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce   如“鱼香肉丝” （Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce）  
糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” （Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce）
宫保 with chili and peanuts 如 “宫保鸡丁” （Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts）
脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如 “脆皮鱼” （Crisp Fish）
香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” （Crisp Fried Chicken）  
焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” （Fried Fish Slices in Sauce） 
甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”（Sweet & Sour Pork）  
胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” （Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili）
油淋 drip-fried with oil   如 “油淋兔” （Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil）
干煸 dry-sauteed 如“干煸季豆” （Dry-sauteed String Beans）  
盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾” （Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water）
家常 home style   如“家常豆腐” （Bean Curd Home Style）  
陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如 “陈皮鸡” （Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel）
回锅 double-sauteed 如“回锅肉” （Double-sauteed Pork Slices）  
五香 spiced   如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)  
干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”（Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast）
软炸 soft deep-fried 如 “软炸里脊” （Soft-fried Pork Fillet）
酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” （Crisp Fried Lamb Breast） 
串烤 skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”   （Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper）
铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” （Grilled Baby Pigeon）
烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”（Roast Suckling Pig） 
砂锅 in casserole   如“砂锅鱼翅” （Shark’s Fin in Casserole）
锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” （Sea Slug with Sizzling / Crispy Rice Crust）  
芙蓉 with eggwhite   如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Eggwhite)  
麻酱 with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”（Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste）
三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” （Sea Cuucumbers with Other Two Delicacies） 
醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” （Sliced Chicken in Didtilled Grains Sauce）  
凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” （Jellyfish in Soy Sauce）  
酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” （Hot and Sour Cucumber）  
姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” （Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce）  
蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” （ Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce）
蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” （Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic）
什锦 mixed; assorted   如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)
茄汁 in tomato sauce   如“茄汁鸡脯”   （Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce）
咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” （Fried Beef withy Curry）  
八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies   如 “八宝鸡” （Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies）
葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce   如 “葱爆羊肉” （Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce）  
粉蒸 steamed in rice flour   如“粉蒸牛肉” （Steamed Beef in Rice Flour）  
奶油 in cream sauce 如 “奶油鱼肚” （Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce）
木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus   如“木犀肉” （Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus）
醉 liquor-preserved 如 “醉蟹” （Liquor-preserved Crabs）
辣味 in chili sauce   如“辣味烩虾” （Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）
豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” （Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce）
黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” （Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）
椒盐 with pepper and salt   如“椒盐排骨” （Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt）
怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” （Multi-flavored Chicken）

http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTM0MjA2NTky.html


mellow
grain
tender
callow
fellow



wept
willow
ember
billow


http://www.wwenglish.com/t/d/song/landl/19752.htm

Try to Remember

Try to remember the kind of September
When life was slow and, oh, so mellow
Try to remember the kind of September
When grass was green and grain was yellow.
Try to remember the kind of September
When you were a tender and callow fellow
Try to remember and if you remember
Then follow, follow...

Try to remember when life was so tender
That no one wept except the willow
Try to remember the kind of September
When love was an ember about to billow
Try to remember and if you remember
Then follow, follow...

Deep in December it's nice to remember
Although you know the snow will follow
Deep in December it's nice to remember
The fire of September that made us mellow
Deep in December our hearts should remember
And follow, follow, follow...

歌词大意

试着回忆那九月的日子：
日子悠闲并且香醇；
试着回忆那九月的日子：
草儿青青，谷物金黄。
试着回忆那九月的日子；
那时你还是个温柔幼稚的小伙子；
试着回忆，如果你能想起来
那就让这延续，延续吧...

试着回想那时的生活是多么恬静
除了柳树外没有人会低头悲叹
试着回忆那九月的日子：
当时我们的爱正在滋长
试着回忆，如果你能想起来
那就让这延续，延续吧...

在深冬十二月回想是美好的事，
尽管你知道雪要来了。
在深冬十二月回想是美好的事，
九月的爱火使我们快乐，
在深冬十二月用我们的心回忆，
回忆，回忆，回忆...

歌词、句型分析

1．Try to remember the kind of September when life was slow and, oh, so mellow.
　　=Please try to remember that special September in which life was slow and mellow.
试着回想那美好的九月天，当时生活悠闲又快乐
　　when是关系副词，引导定语从句修饰September，说明九月里生活是什么样的: slow and mellow。
　　The kind of September 是remember的宾语。
　　Try to remember:试回首，试着回忆
　　Mellow adj. 欢乐的；沉醉的；(因熟透而)醇香的、甘美的, (颜色)柔美的, (声音)圆润的, 成熟的, 老练的
　　例:a mellow sound; a mellow wine.
　　醇厚甜软的声音；芳醇的葡萄酒
　　vt.& vi.使(变)醇香, 使(变)柔美, 使成熟
　　例:The colours mellowed as the sun went down.
　　随着太阳的落去, 色泽变得柔和了。
The mellow wine and fruit are so inviting.
　　醇酒和熟透了的水果是这样诱人。
　　The mellow colour of the dawn sky caused him to write an inmmortal sonnet.
　　黎明时天空斑斓的色彩使他写出了一首不朽的十四行诗。

2．Try to remember the kind of September when grass was green and grain was yellow.
　　=Please try to remember that special September in which the countryside was so beautiful.
　　试着回想那美好的九月天，那时草儿青青，稻穗呈黄。
　　在句子结构上与前三行一致。
　　在When grass was green and grain was yellow一行中采用押头韵的修辞手法，grass, green, grain都押音[gr]音韵。

3．callow
　　=immature and inexperienced
　　既不成熟又无经验的；乳臭未干的
　　例如：Don't believe him. He is too callow to know so much.
　　别信他。他乳臭未干不可能懂这么多。

4．Try to remember, and if you remember, then follow, follow.
　　=Please try to remember all the good things that happened in that special September, and if you can remember, then hold the warm feeling in your heart.
　　试着回想，假如你想起来了,那么就让这种美好的感觉持续吧！
　　follow在这一句中的用法应是“按你所能回忆的路子继续回忆”，即跟随记忆走。
　　follow一词倒有许多其它用法需要记住：
　　例如：One opportunity followed another.一个机会紧接另一个。
　　I can't follow what he is saying. 我听不懂他在说什么。
　　as follows:如下
　　follows the crowd:随大流
　　follow sb's example:仿效
　　follow sth up with :对某一事物采取进一步行动
　　例：The main reasons why we failed are as follow: first, we did not pay enough attention to the rules; second, our time was too limited.
　　我们失败的原因大致如下：第一，我们对规则没有给予足够重视；第二，我们的时间也太有限，
　　On most issues, he followed the crowd.
　　在大部分问题上，他都随大流。

5.Try to remember the kind of September when love was an ember about to billow.
　　=Try to remember that special September when our love was about to grow.
　　试着回想那美好的九月天，当时我们的爱苗正在滋长。
　　Ember n.灰烬, 余烬
　　Billow n.巨浪, 波浪般滚滚向前的东西; v.翻腾
　　例：A field of burning grass is billowing thick black clouds of smoke into the sky.
　　一片燃烧着的草冒出的滚滚黑烟直冲云霄。
　　be about to 将要, 正打算

6．Deep in December it's nice to remember, although you know the snow will follow.
　　=Deep in December it's nice to remember our happy past although you know the snow will follow.
　　十二月底虽然即将下雪，但回想起往日时光，使我们觉得很快乐。
　　Deep in December:十二月末
　　deep at night:深夜
　　deep in winter:隆冬季节

google_protectAndRun("ads_core.google_render_ad", google_handleError, google_render_ad);

http://bbs.oralpractice.com/tag.php?name=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F%E8%8F%9C%E8%B0%B1

Try to rememberthe kind ofSeptember

追忆那醉人的九月
when life was slow and though so mellow

时光缓缓生活悠游
Try to rememberthe kind ofSeptember

追忆那醉人的九月
when grass was green and grain was yellow

草儿青青稻麦金黄
Try to rememberthe kind ofSeptember

追忆那醉人的九月
when you were a tender and a callow fellow

你曾经的青春温柔
Try to rememberand if you remember

追忆往日,若你还记得
then follow,follow..

请跟我来,跟我来...

Try to rememberwhen life was sotender

追忆那段感伤时光
that no one wept except the willow

只有杨柳泪珠盈盈
Try to rememberthe kind ofSeptember

追忆那醉人的九月
when love was an ember about tobillow

爱情的即将燎原的星火
Try to rememberand if you remember

追忆往日,若你还记得
then follow-follow..

请跟我来,跟我来...

deep in December it`s nice toremember

十二月的回忆温馨而甜蜜
although you know the snow will follow

尽管你知道大雪即将飘落

deep in Decemberit`s nice to remember

十二月的回忆温馨而甜蜜
the fire of September that made us mellow

九月的热恋沉醉着你我
Deep in December our hearts should remember

十二月的回忆深埋在心里
and follow-follow,follow,oh-oh

请跟我来,跟我来...

The words "fast food" usually conjure up an image of hamburgers and French Fries. We think of an unhealthy meal served in excess packaging to modern citizens who regard food as fuel rather than as something to enjoy.

In fact, fast food is not a modern phenomenon at all. Travel anywhere in the world and you will encourter the sights and sounds of street vendors, selling a variety of local dishes, usually made from a few basic local ingredients, which are freshly cooked and served while you wait.

Commercial fast food is made using an industrial process where pre-prepared ingredients are cooked in large quantities and reheated. Wherever you go in the world and eat at McDonald’s, the food will taste exactly the same.

Street food, on the other hand, is prepared and cooked on the spot in most places. All you have to do is take in the delicious smells, and watch and wait while the vendor freshly prepares your snack. Although hygiene may be unreliable in some places, the food tends to be cooked very fast at high temperatures and so the chances are it is safe to eat.

In every continent there is a tradition of street vendors, from the noodle sellers in Asia to the roadside falafel stands all over the Middle East. Commuters taking the Shingansen in Japan may stop to pick up a Bento box before getting on the train. The cries of the satay seller wheeling his cart down the street in Southeast Asia will draw out local people and tourists alike. In india a spicy mix of varied ingrients called Chaat is found everywhere.

What characterizes street food, as opposed to commercial fast food, is that it is bought in the street. And being full of local flavours and ingredients it will always be surprising and interesting to the visitor.

http://www.melta.org.my/ET/1998/main4.html
SEEING THROUGH TEXTS:
DEVELOPING DISCOURSE-BASED MATERIALS IN TEACHER EDUCATION